Child's perspective on parental conflict

For this post I want to take a different twist and be a bit more personal and reflective. One reason I chose to become a family mediator was my continuing experience as the adult child of divorced parents (who remain in conflict decades after their separation). Like many children, my parents divorced when I was still in grade school. While I was aware my parents certainly did not live peacefully together, I loved and still do love both of my parents deeply. It is from my love for both of my parents and my desire to spare other children from getting caught in the crossfire of parents' conflict that I wish to discuss family conflict from a child’s perspective.

As a mediator I rarely meet the children of the families I help in mediation, although I certainly hear a lot about them. It is clear that no matter the level of conflict or cooperation between parties, parents love their children. It is this deep love that creates the emotions that often lead parties into battle, and the same love that can lead parties to resolution. Often the most helpful tool parties can bring to mediation is love for their children and the desire to do what is best for their children.

When parents are in conflict sometimes hurt feelings lead parents to lose sight of their children's feelings or needs. Before this happens to you, let's take a moment to discuss how your child might feel about your conflict.

“I wish they understood that I love both of them.”

Children have a right to love whomever they choose. If you have not found this out yet, you will when the day comes that your child falls in love and enters a relationship of her own. Ideally, you will love the person your child chooses--but that is not the case for every family. Practice letting your child love whom she will love starting now. This means children have a right to love both parents no matter how their parents feel about one another.

“If they love me, how can they hate each other? I came from him/her.”

Children not only love both parents but they identify with both of you. If you say “Your mom is liar” (whether this is true or not) in front of your child, what your child hears is: “Mom is a liar and I’m part mom, I must be a liar too.”  When you need to vent frustrations about your child’s other parent, do not do so in front of the child. Call a friend after your child is in bed or go out to lunch with a friend without your child to talk out your feelings. Ask that other family members such as grandma or Uncle Joe keep their negative feelings about your ex-spouse quiet around the children.

"I wish mom and dad would let it go and live their separate lives."

It takes time for children to come to terms with their parents separating. Once a child has come to accept that mom and dad will never again live under the same roof, the child believes the conflict should be resolved--or at least managed. Children continue to love both parents and do not want to hear either parent’s complaints about the other. While this can be difficult, you need to learn to keep your thoughts on the other parent and his new girlfriend, house, etc. to yourself when your child is present. Remember that complete avoidance of the other party is not an option. The reality is once you have children together, you will continue to cross paths even once your children are adults. With adult children, you will encounter one another at weddings, graduations and events for your grandchildren. Your child's wedding is her special time--not a time for negative emotions between you and the other parent.

"You tell me not to fight with my brother, that you are tired of all the fighting, but I do what I see. Stop fighting with Dad (in front of me)."

Children and teens in particular are very capable of seeing any hypocrisy in how adults live. For young children it may seem confusing that they are scolded for fighting with a sibling but mom and dad fight and they don't get sent to timeout. Teens, on the other hand, may lose respect for an adult who consistently violates the rules set for the teen. Please do not misunderstand this to say that parents are not allowed to fight. But it is how and when, and the exposure of the children that needs to be considered. Mediation can provide a healthy and constructive outlet for parents to discuss conflicts and create mutually agreed-upon boundaries about how to raise issues of disagreement, helping avoid "fighting" around the children.

Children should never be caught in the middle of adult conflict. Through mediation we strive to not only resolve your current conflicts but to also give you the tools to continue on a peaceable path for both you and your children that extends into the future. If you’d like to help your family through mediation, please give us a call today at (801) 899-6338.

Making the most of mediation

You've decided you want to mediate your case (or maybe the court mandated that you attempt mediation before going to trial). Now it's time to discuss how to get the most out of your mediation.

The first step in achieving a successful outcome is for parties to want a resolution. Hopefully your goal for mediation is to reach a resolution. In all my years in the legal field I have yet to meet someone who enjoys battling out a legal case. Mediation is a more peaceful exchange of ideas, desires, and solutions. By wanting to resolve your conflict you are opening the door for a peaceable and timely resolution, as well as lessening your chances of expensive ongoing litigation.

Beyond desire there is more you can bring to the mediation to increase your chances of a positive outcome. The overall better you are prepared for the mediation process, the more likely you will have a successful outcome. Beyond your willingness to mediate your case, your preparation will help us cover all the issues pertaining to your legal case in a timely and cost effective manner, reducing your stress and minimizing how much time and money you spend.

Prepare in advance for your mediation. If you are going to be discussing financial matters, bring all pertinent financial records. If you will be discussing custody and parent time schedules, gather information about your child(ren)'s school schedule, daycare costs and possible providers. For infants, write out the infant's sleeping/feeding schedule. For teens, write down a list of extracurricular commitments for each child, as well as any other scheduling considerations. For more direction on what to bring with you for your mediation, please call us in advance of your appointment at (801) 899-6338. We’d be happy to discuss what you should bring so your mediation can be as successful as possible.

You need to also prioritize the issues pertaining to your legal case. Make a list of the issues you would like to mediate. Consider which issues you feel strongest about and which of the items you are willing to negotiate on. Having some room to negotiate with the other party will make your mediation more successful, such as having an asset you would gladly give your spouse in exchange for an asset you desire. 

You also need to try thinking outside the box. Negotiations in mediation do not have to be a straight one for one. For example, rather than dividing the cost of daycare, one party could take parent time while the other works and vice versa if both parties' schedules allow.

When discussing parent time, particularly try to recall things that worked when you lived with or were in a relationship with the other party. For example, if you worked opposite schedules to care for the children and enjoyed not paying daycare costs, perhaps you can continue that same arrangement. Starting from even a single point of agreement will set your mediation on track to reach resolutions rather than it ending in deadlock.

Separation in a relationship will bring change. Lessen the stress of this change by clearly determining what will happen with all the assets, debts, tax exemptions, custody, parent time and any other issues you need to resolve with the professional help of Utah Family Mediator, Rebecca H. Symes. Call us today to schedule your mediation: (801) 899-6338.

Arbitration or mediation?

Mediation and arbitration are terms often used interchangeably. In truth, arbitration is very different from mediation. Here are the two most important differences to understand concerning arbitration versus mediation:

Mediation	Arbitration
Mediators need to be agreed upon by both parties. If you and the opposing party are not on good enough terms to select a mediator together, one party may choose a mediator and the mediator can contact the other party to see if they are willing to mediate. Mediators ethically cannot accept a case without both parties agreeing to mediate before them.	Arbitrators may be selected by one party without the input of the other party. Corporations often have written into arbitration agreements clauses stating that they will select the arbitrator without input or consideration from the other party.
The mediator never decides the outcome of the case. Mediators may assist both parties equally in brainstorming solutions to conflict. The parties decide the settlement terms.	Arbitrators are decision makers. Whether the arbitration is binding or non-binding, the arbitrator is hired with the sole intent of making a decision in the case after hearing from both parties and any evidence they may present.

Mediation and arbitration are both forms of alternative dispute resolution. Arbitration can be an appropriate choice in complex cases. If you are entering arbitration you should seek the advice of legal counsel due to the nature of the decision making process.

If you are in conflict with another individual, mediation could be the right solution. Many divorce and custody cases can be mediated, saving both parties money and time. If you are interested in having your case mediated, call Utah Family Mediator, Rebecca H. Symes at (801) 899-6338. I look forward to helping you resolve your conflict in a timely, cost-effective manner.

Questions to ask when selecting a mediator

The circumstances of your case will often dictate what background your mediator should possess. In Utah, with the exception of new divorce filings, you may select anyone you desire to mediate your dispute.

When selecting a mediator there are several points you should consider:

Will the mediator be neutral and fair to all parties?

Since (in Utah) anyone can mediate your dispute, why not let Uncle Joe or Betty around the corner mediate? It is nice when those who care about you want to help keep the peace. When it is someone we know and who cares about us, it seems despite the best of intentions all neutrality melts away eventually. It is human nature to have an opinion or bias. The mediator's job is to avoid having a bias. Mediators come to the table with no connection to either party and very basic knowledge of the dispute. By waiting until the mediation to gather detailed information, the mediator avoids formulating an opinion of the parties and the dispute ahead of time, further ensuring neutrality. Professional mediators have undergone hours upon hours of training, practicing the art of setting their own thoughts and opinions aside so they can remain truly neutral.

What are the qualifications of the mediator?

Professional mediators and arbitrators are typically attorneys, therapists, paralegals, law students, and retired judges. Mediators may receive their training in law school, graduate school or through court approved not-for-profit organizations such as Utah Dispute Resolution.

The Utah State Administrative Office of the Court maintains a roster of ADR professionals (mediators and arbitrators) with professional training and education in alternative dispute resolution. Court rostered mediators must complete Court approved training/education in mediation/arbitration, pass an ethics exam as well as mediate a minimum number of hours each year. Mediators and arbitrators on the court roster provide biographical information, including their education, professional training and specialties to help you select a qualified mediator. CLICK HERE for the current Utah Court Roster.

Is my mediator on the court roster?

Unfortunately I have come across numerous websites advertising mediation services by individuals claiming to be on the court roster, who were in fact not on the roster. Be sure you hire a qualified professional by name checking against the current roster to verify the mediator you are hiring is in fact in compliance with the requirements of the Administrative Office of the Courts. CLICK HERE for alphabetical listings on the current Utah Court Roster. If you suspect someone is advertising credentials they do not possess or practicing law without a license you may file a complaint with the Administrative Office of the Court or the Utah State Bar.

Why is it important to hire a court rostered mediator?

By requiring mediators and arbitrators to have approved training and annual continuing education in mediation or arbitration, you are assured you are hiring a well-trained professional to handle your case. In cases where mediation is court-ordered, you must use a court rostered mediator. For example, Utah Code 78-31b-5 requires that new divorce filings must be mediated by a qualified, court rostered alternative dispute resolution (ADR) professional with additional training and requirements in divorce mediation.
The courts want you to have your case mediated by a competent professional who will provide you with the best chance of settling your dispute without lengthy and costly litigation.

Can my attorney act as the mediator for my case?

Your attorney was hired to represent you and your interests in the dispute. It would be a conflict of interest for your attorney to mediate a case for you. Because he is charged with representing your interests it would be impossible for him to act with the neutrality of a mediator. It would also be a conflict of interest and violate the code of ethics for a mediator to assist you in court proceedings, meaning your mediator may not prepare court documents or act as your legal representation in court.

Will the mediator decide what the outcome of my case will be?

A mediator will not tell you how to decide your case. If you are interested in settling your case out of court using a third party decision maker, you may wish to hire an arbitrator. I will explain the difference between arbitration and mediation next week and then back-link to this post.

If you and your attorney are seeking arbitration rather than mediation you would benefit from hiring an attorney or retired judge to act as an arbitrator.

Additional considerations

Specialties

Mediators come from a wide variety of specialties and backgrounds. Some mediators specialize in domestic/family law while others focus their practice on business and contract disputes. The court roster is sortable by specialty to help you find the right mediator for your case.

Availability

The court roster lists mediators across the state of Utah. Location and hours are important to consider when selecting a mediator. Utah Family Mediator, Rebecca H. Symes has locations across the Wasatch Front and offers evening and weekend appointments, as well as traditional weekday appointments to accommodate the needs of clients. She also mediates cases outside the Wasatch Front for an additional fee.

Whatever your questions may be, it is important for you to ask. Feel free to give me a call today at (801) 899-6338. I look forward to speaking with you.
           

Making mediation safe in cases of domestic violence

The nature of violent relationships, or those that have experienced an episode of domestic violence, is one of high conflict. When there are high levels of conflict it is no surprise that divorces and custody battles are often contested, leading to court ordered mediation.

Can parties that have experienced domestic violence mediate?

With the help of a well-trained mediator, both victims and perpetrators can safely mediate the issues involved in a divorce or custody dispute. Many mediators specializing in divorce and family law have received specialized training in customizing mediation to meet the unique needs of all parties involved in domestic violence. You should inquire as to the credentials of your mediator if this is of concern to you. Mediators have a code of ethics which includes client confidentiality. This means if you disclose to the mediator you have been the victim of domestic violence and would like your mediation customized to offer you heightened safety, your mediator can accommodate that request, without having to inform the other parties involved without your consent. State law does require however that mediators break confidentiality if child or elder abuse is reported to them, if it has not previously been brought to the attention of the authorities.  

Heightened Safety During Mediation

A variety of options exist for mediation between parties in high conflict (i.e. victims and perpetrators of domestic violence). 

Shuttle Mediations

Parties can attend the mediation at the same time and in the same general location with the mediator “shuttling” between two conference rooms to convey the offers and concerns of both parties, until an agreement is reached or the mediation is suspended. During a shuttle mediation, parties need not see one another and the mediator can arrange for one party to arrive prior to the other and depart after the party has left the premises. For example, John and Jane are to mediate their divorce. The mediator has John arrive at 11:45am and shows him to conference room A. Jane arrives at 12:00pm and the mediator shows her to conference room B. The mediator shuttles between the two parties and two rooms. John and Jane never see one another. Jane leaves at 3:15pm (at the direction of the mediator) and John leaves at 3:30pm. Jane arrives after John and leaves before him, so he never sees her or has an opportunity to approach her outside the mediation.

Telephone Mediation

Telephone mediations can involve either a conference call initiated by the mediator, or they can be similar to a shuttle mediation with the mediator conducting all mediation by telephone, and then conveying the information to the other party. One party may participate by telephone while one party is in the office of the mediator, if distance is the primary reason for choosing telephone mediation. 

Email/Skype

The principles of telephone mediation may be employed to conduct mediations via email or Skype as well.

For details on how your mediator conducts long distance or out-of-office mediations speak with her directly. It is the preference of Utah Family Mediator, Rebecca H. Symes to conduct mediations via telephone shuttle/conference depending on the needs and preferences of the parties when in-office mediation is not an appropriate option, whether for distance or for other reasons.

Security

Whether you choose to mediate in the same room or via email, the safety of all parties should be of the highest concern to your mediator. Often, face-to-face or shuttle mediations with Utah Family Mediator, Rebecca H. Symes take place at the county courthouse in your area rather than in a private office. Mediation is not an appropriate time or location to bring a weapon. The courthouse offers the benefit of screening equipment upon entrance, which deters either party from carrying a weapon into a mediation.  Mediation is a safe environment where parties come to work toward common goals. For high-conflict couples, working with a well-trained mediator helps reach a balance of power and an agreeable outcome on many issues of contention.

Rebecca H. Symes, Utah Family Mediator, has served on domestic violence coalitions across the state of Utah working with shelters across rural and metropolitan Utah. She has previously worked with Utah Legal Services on the LAVA (legal assistance for victims of abuse) project. A great deal of Rebecca's research during her years at the University of Utah focused on domestic violence.
To schedule a mediation with Rebecca, call (801) 899-6338.

What is a No-Court Divorce?

You may have seen advertisements for a “no-court divorce” there are a few things you should know about divorce in Utah before contacting one of these agencies.

“No-Fault” is Not the Same as “No-Court”.

Utah allows for a no-fault divorce, meaning the reason for the divorce is irreconcilable differences. This simply means neither party is alleging adultery, neglect or other damages as the cause of the divorce. Basically, you are telling the court “we’ve given it our best shot and we simply don’t get along and can no longer live as husband and wife.” No-fault divorce may or may not be contested.

Contested or Uncontested

When any issue in the divorce cannot be agreed upon by both parties, such as property and asset division, distribution of debt, spousal or child support or parent time and custody, a divorce is considered contested. Utah law requires that all parties to a contested divorce participate in at least one mediation session in good faith, prior to the court hearing the issue. The court has faith in the mediation process and in the parties' abilities to best resolve their own disputes. Many issues can be resolved in mediation. When parties are unsuccessful in reaching an agreement on one or more issues in mediation, the court will decide the issue and finalize the divorce. Contesting a divorce will not stop the proceedings but merely slow them down.

Uncontested divorces are typically known as a “no-court” divorce because both parties agree to all terms set forth in the proposed divorce, and the respondent (the party who did not initiate the divorce) signs an acceptance and waiver. Uncontested means you and your spouse are able to agree on every detail of the separation and divorce, including the division of all assets and debts as well as custody, parent time, and property. An uncontested divorce can be filed with or without the help of an attorney. If you choose to proceed with an uncontested divorce, without an attorney, you may find the forms online to file your divorce using OCAP (online court assistance program).  

Whether contested or uncontested, emotions run high during a divorce or separation, and agreeing on complex decisions might prove difficult. However, it may be accomplished with the assistance of a mediator.  Mediation provides an opportunity to resolve your conflict in unique and equitable ways designed by you and the other party, not refereed by the court.

Mediation and the “No-Court” Divorce.

Mediation is a useful tool for both contested and uncontested divorces. It can ease the pain of divorce by helping you avoid unnecessary litigation and achieving a peaceful separation.

Mediators cannot represent you or prepare divorce forms for you. Be wary of mediation agencies or practitioners who offer such services. Mediators may provide you with a written memorandum outlining the agreement reached between all parties in a mediation. You may use OCAP to prepare your divorce paperwork and include the mediated agreement in your petition. It is against Utah statute for a mediator to prepare your divorce paperwork for you, even in uncontested “no-court” divorces.

If a no-court divorce is in your future, mediation can be the first step in reaching those important decisions. Reaching agreements early in the divorce process will save you time and money, and allow you to move beyond this difficult period and onto the new life you desire. To schedule an appointment with Utah Family Meditator Rebecca H. Symes call (801) 899-6338.

Who Claims the Children as Dependents for Tax Purposes?

Tax season is around the corner, and with it the question arises: Who will claim the kids? Only one parent may claim the child(ren) as dependents. Many factors should be considered when determining who will take the tax exemption.

Typically the IRS presumes the parent who has provided more than 50% of the financial support for the child (also presumed to be the custodial parent) is entitled to the exemption. When both parents provide an equal amount of financial support (a true 50/50) this standard doesn't work. In some circumstances a non-custodial parent may claim their child(ren). Parties might agree to and designate the exemption differently from the IRS presumption, using their divorce decree or settlement agreement reached during mediation, despite the division of support.

A few IRS rules apply to a non-custodial parent claiming the exemption: (1) The non-custodial parent must be current on all child support obligations. IRS Rule 203 allows for the reduction of any refund for the payment of past due child support. (2) The non-custodial parent's child support for the year must equal no less than $600. (3) The non-custodial parent should file either Form 8332 (preferred) or a copy of the divorce decree or settlement agreement giving the non-custodial parent the right to claim the child(ren) as deductions. For further details, refer to the IRS website. Aside from adhering to these basic rules, parties might assign the right to claim the child(ren) to whichever parent they agree on, or whichever party is chosen by the court.  

Who will receive the greatest benefit from the deduction? One parent may make significantly more than the other parent, and therefore benefit financially more from taking the deduction for the child(ren). When parents’ income differs greatly, the solution might involve both parents calculating their individual tax obligation and benefit in two ways: one with claiming the exemption for the child(ren) and one without. This option will involve disclosing your tax filings with your former partner/co-parent. Having this information available, both parties can then determine who will receive the greatest benefit by claiming the exemption. 

The parent who would receive the least benefit can then assign the right to claim the deduction to the other party by signing IRS Form 8332. To reimburse the relinquishing party for the benefit they are forgoing, the claiming parent agrees to pay out the amount the relinquishing parent would have received in benefit if claiming the child(ren). For example, if dad’s tax liability would be reduced by $3,000 if he claims the kids and mom’s tax liability would be reduced by $5,000 if she claims the kids, then mom would claim the deduction and pay dad $3,000. Dad is not out anything for allowing mom to take the deduction, and mom pays less in taxes by claiming the exemption. This is called “buying out”. Buying out can result in a better tax outcome for both parties.

Equal Division of the Kids

When sharing an even number of children, parties might elect to divide the exemptions. For example, if Joe and Melanie share two children (Zoey and Jane), Joe will claim Jane and Melanie will claim Zoey. This division works well, as long as both children are under 18 and parents make similar incomes. This arrangement will need to be modified when one child is no longer an eligible dependent.

Alternating the Exemption

Parents may wish to alternate the right to claim the child(ren), giving mom the even years and dad the odd years, or vice versa. This is an equitable option when both parents make similar incomes. Variations on this might also work. If mom has gone back to school and has less income now, but she anticipates more income in the future, she may assign the benefit to dad for the next five years. He then assigns the benefit to her for the five years following, and then they alternate yearly after that.

Like many things in family life, there is not a one-size-fits-all solution. The most equitable solution is one agreed to by you and your co-parent that you both feel good about and are committed to. Take the time to sit down and agree on how you will share this exemption, and save some stress come tax time.

Holiday Parent-time

The holiday season means spending time with loved ones. The emotions attached to family traditions can make reaching a peaceful agreement between separated parents on these special occasions difficult. Here are some options to consider when determining how to share your children during the holidays.

State the Minimum Standard

When parents are unable to reach an agreement on parent time, the court will order the Utah standard parent time schedule. This standard alternates the parent granted the holiday each year. For example, in years ending in an odd number (such as 2011) the noncustodial parent is granted parent time for the first half of the child’s Christmas vacation from school up through 1pm on Christmas day. This means the noncustodial parent will have the child for Christmas eve and Christmas morning until 1pm every other year. To read Utah’s full standard parent time schedule CLICK HERE.

A small variation on the standard schedule

For some families the standard holiday arrangement discussed above works. For other families an alternative that gives both parents time on Christmas eve as well as Christmas day may be preferred. Perhaps the child(ren) spend Christmas eve until 9pm with Dad and spend Christmas morning with Mom until 3pm, each year the family can alternate this if they wish giving Dad Christmas morning and Mom Christmas eve until 9pm.

A More Unique Alternative

For some parents who get along well, dad may come over to mom’s house and spend time with the child(ren) on Christmas eve, and leave once the child(ren) have gone to bed. This could also be applied to Christmas morning, if both parents agree. This should only be a consideration when both parents get along well with one another.  

The above are options to get you thinking about what might work for your family. Many variations exist, and only you and the other parent can truly determine what will work best for you. Take the time to reach an agreement that works for your family.

Considerations When Making a Holiday Parent-Time Schedule

The advantage of creating your own parent-time plan for the holidays is the ability to take into account the many important traditions of both parents and their families. It is important for grandparents and child(ren) to see one another during the holidays, and often family parties or dinners take place when, under the standard schedule, the child(ren) would be with the other parent. When creating a parent-time schedule, parties can allow for dad to have the child(ren) on the evening of grandma’s family dinner or to be returned to mom’s house on Christmas day in time to attend her family party.

No matter which option or variation you and the co-parent select, the holidays should be a happy time for your child(ren). As with all parenting issues, remember no matter the emotion your separation from your ex-spouse or your children may conjure up, you need to put the feelings of your child(ren) first.  By focusing on your child(ren), you can create happy memories and a happy holiday for all of you.

Using Technology to Close the Long Distance Gap

In today’s world, jobs often take us far from our homes and families. When living long distances from your children, either part or all of the year, technology can help you bridge the gap.

While it is always nice to spend physical time with your children, airfare and other travel expenses can add up quickly. For school-age children, taking large blocks of time out of school to travel between parents can be detrimental, leaving school-aged children with only summer and holiday visits to the long-distance parent. Children whose parents reside near each other often benefit from mid-week visits, in addition to weekends with the other parent. Living long distances from your child does not mean you cannot have frequent or even daily contact.

Research has shown that parent-child relationships are built on steady, reliable contact. The amount of time and the means of the contact are less significant than its regularity. What this means for you as the long-distance parent, is that the distance that separates you from your child does not prevent you from having a close relationship with your child.

Use daily emails to your child to ask about school or friends, and to let them know you are thinking about them and care about their daily happenings. Emails transcend time zone differences and allow for two people on two opposing schedules to communicate on their own time. With phone data plans, you can even email or instant message from your cell phone.

Phone calls always give the added comfort of hearing the voice of a loved one, especially for children who are too young for email. Focus the conversation around your child and what is happening in his world. The goal is to remind your child you love and care about him and what he is doing. If your child is old enough for a cell phone with or without a data plan, you can learn to text message, keeping contact between phone calls.  A brief “I love you” or “Good luck on your test”  will send a clear message you are thinking about your child and are aware of what is happening in his day, no matter how far apart you may be.

Many parent-time services and military families are employing the use of Skype to give parents and children face-to-face interaction. Skype allows you to use webcams and your computer’s microphone to video chat with your child. Rather than being surprised by how much your child has changed when they arrive at the airport for his summer parent-time, you can set up weekly Skype calls and watch him grow. If your child does not have access to Skype technology at home, you might consider using a visitation or parent-time service that offers Skype visits in your child’s area.

Technology such as email, Skype and cell phones can lessen the pain of living long distances from your child. While it is impossible to reach through your webcam to hug your child, you can certainly remain a regular part of his life and build a close relationship no matter how many miles physically separate you.    

Unique Challenges in Infant Parenting Plans

The heightened care infants require presents unique challenges when creating a parenting plan for an infant. You must consider several factors about how the infant is cared for, in addition to the location where the infant is to be cared for and the infant’s caregiver designated in the plan. Circumstances such as breastfeeding the infant can present unique challenges, if the child is to be separated from the mother.

When the mother is the primary source of the infant’s nourishment, the child cannot be apart from the mother for more than a couple of hours. While breastfeeding does not continue indefinitely, during its duration both parents need to acknowledge the frequency of the infant’s eating schedule. If the infant is willing or accustomed to accepting breast milk or formula in a bottle, the father can feed the child outside of the mother’s presence.

Infants eat on a regular schedule, whether regimented by parents or caregivers, or if they feed on demand. Both parents, as well as any other caregivers, should follow the same feeding schedule and agree on if the child is to be fed at set times or on demand. 

When determining a schedule for an infant, nap times are also frequent in infancy and must be accounted for. If pick up or drop-off times interfere with the infant’s sleep, the child can become cranky and harder to manage. As a result, sleep schedules should be agreed upon by all invovled parties. When both parents agree and an infant is not dependent on breastfeeding, overnight visits might be considered. Parents must maintain similar bedtime routines at both homes, since infants are comforted by predictability. A well thought-out, mutually respected parenting plan can ease any anxiety an infant can feel about the co-parenting, dual-home arrangement.

Often, parents fear that by sharing custody, or by agreeing to parent time with a non-custodial parent, they will miss out on the important milestones of the child’s development. Parenting plans exist for the needs of the child, and might include provisions to help both parents communicate the accomplishments of the child when in the presence of the other parent. With modern technology such as smart phones, you may consider options such as recording a quick video of your child taking her first steps and instant messaging it to the other parent. In highly volatile situations, even a mutually agreed-upon third party can relay the accomplishments of the child at pick-up time.

You can avoid many conflicts by keeping the other parent informed of the needs and accomplishments of the infant, and by striving to function first as a parent meeting your infant’s needs. Keep in mind that the bond between parent and child begins during infancy. Research has not been able to quantify an amount of time needed for children to bond to a parent, but regular contact has proven significant. It is vital that both parents prepare early for their co-parenting journey, allowing for their infant to bond and build a relationship with both parents. 

Disclaimer

Disclaimer: All information provided is for informative purposes only. This blog in no way constitutes legal advice. Parties are encouraged to seek the advice of qualified legal counsel before proceeding with mediation or commencing any legal action. For referral to a qualified attorney, you may contact the Utah State Bar Association Lawyer Referral program at (801) 531-9077 or your local Bar office.

About Us

Rebecca H. Symes is a domestic and civil mediator in Salt Lake City, Utah with a practice that focuses on domestic, community and housing mediation. She has five years experience as a family law paralegal and holds a B.S. in Sociology and a B.S. in Human Development and Family Studies, both from the University of Utah. A list of Rebecca's mediation credentials include formal training at Utah Dispute Resolution, extensive work with the SLC Court mediation program as well experience working with Salt Lake CAP’s Landlord/Tenant mediation program. Rebecca especially enjoys working with families and helping parents find healthy resolutions in custody matters. Currently, Rebecca is working on her Master’s degree.

Description of Practice

Mediation should meet the needs of all parties through mutually agreeable scheduling and meeting locale. Meeting locations are available across the Wasatch Front. Travel outside the Wasatch front for mediations is available, for an additional fee. Often, courthouses outside the Wasatch Front provide appropriate meeting locations for mediation. The length of mediations vary depending on the type of case or conflict to be resolved. If you have questions regarding the length of mediation, please direct them to Ms. Symes in advance of the mediation.

When appropriate, mediations might not require parties to be in the same room (called shuttle mediation) or can even take place over the phone. For questions of concerns about shuttle mediations or phone mediations please speak with Ms. Symes directly.  

Mediation Philosophy

Mediation offers a mutually successful resolution for parties in conflict. When parties aid in constructing their own resolution, agreements are honored and parties are satisfied. Mediators exist to aid parties in finding mutually acceptable solutions to conflict.

Fees

$65 per hour. All fees are divided equally between the parties. One hour minimum is to be paid at the time the appointment is set. Additional time is due at the conclusion of each session. Travel outside the Wasatch front will be billed at a rate of ½ hourly rate for travel time plus $0.35/mile.

To schedule an appointment, please call (801) 899-6338
Messages will be returned within 1-2 business days. Ms. Symes does accommodate evening and weekend appointments.